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====== Fedora tips ======
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Useful tips for Fedora and its applications. Most of these tips apply to Fedora in general, but some are specific to our environment and the software we have installed on our systems.

==== Media players , audio cds and dvds ====
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By default, Fedora installs some media players that can hardly play any media. This is because of software patents and other restrictions which do not apply here. So, we have other media players available and you can select one that works. 
Go to the menu "Preferences" and select "Preferred applications". Under "Removable media" you can fill in which applications to use for audio cds and video dvds. You may have personal favorites, but players that works with most types of media are ''vlc'' and ''xine''. For ''xine'', the options should be set as:

Audio cd:''xine --auto-scan cd --auto-play''

Video dvd:''xine --auto-scan dvd --auto-play''

In the same preferences window, under "Default applications", you can select what to do with media files on disk (eg when double-clicking them in your file manager). 
To select in more detail which player to use to play media files from disk (eg if you want a certain media player for MP3s and another for other audio formats), right-click on the file in the nautilus file manager and select "properties". If your preferred application is already listed, select it to make it the default for this type of file. if not, click on "Add" to get a list of all applications that are registered with the filemanager, and you can even provide a custom commandline for a non-registered application there.

===== Keyboard settings =====
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Keyboard settings come in a couple of categories. The "Preferences" menu has the item "Keyboard", which includes keyboard shortcuts, and the submenu "Accessibility" has another set of keyboard options. 

**Keyboard properties** are now part of the Region & Language configuration ''(gnome-control-center region)'', under "Input sources". Here you can select the keyboard layout. Our default is "English international AltGr dead keys", and view the keyboard layout (the icon that looks like a miniature keyboard).

**Keyboard shortcuts** () is the place to tell the system what to do if special function keys are pressed, e.g. the multimedia keys present on many keyboards.

===== Dropbox =====
Main section: [[Dropbox]]. Similar considerations hold for other [[cloud storage]] tools.
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Dropbox is a nice tool to synchronize some documents between computers. It is available on our desktops, but take care of a couple of things:

  - Dropbox offers 2GB storage. But synchronization implies, that a local copy is made. Default location is in your home directory, but perhaps you don't have 2GB there (or you don't want to waste the limited space that you have in home). So make sure you move your Dropbox folder to another location, preferably on the local disk of your desktop. (Dropbox preferences - Advanced tab)
  - Disable LAN sync (Dropbox preferences - general tab). It would only be useful to synchronize between computers in the local network, but the computers in our network can share disks through automount, so there just is no point to have Dropbox generate a lot of network traffic to duplicate a feature we already offer (with much greater flexibility, and not limited to a single directory of 2 GB).
  - Do not run Dropbox on multiple strw desktops at the same time. Dropbox isn't aware of the fact, that a data location on /disks/something is shared between computers, it will try to synchronize from that location on to that same location on another computer, potentially overwriting or damaging the files And again: there is no need to use Dropbox to synchronize between computers in our network (however, synchronizing between desktop and laptop is possible, and useful).


===== Mail notification applet =====
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Fedora puts mail-notification in the user's standard session. This is an application which goes into the system tray in the panel, and shows you if you have new mail. Very useful, if configured properly. So, when unconfigured, it pops up a configuration dialog where you can fill in your mail details. But unfortunately, if you don't want the thing at all, you cannot simply tell it to go away. However, you can remove it from your session by running the program ''gnome-tweak-tool'' from the commandline. Search for the Mail Notification line and remove it.

===== Performance issues =====
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Some applications are clearly designed for use by a single user on a single system, and some of this doesn't scale well to n users on m systems (something like n*m comes to mind). In other words, things come to a grinding halt, complicated even more by the lack of disk quota on the home disk, whereas $HOME is one of the few locations an application can count on to exist on any system. Here are some tips to get around that kind of problem.

===== Firefox, Chrome and other disk hogs =====
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**Note: as of Firefox 21.0 (June 2013), the default cache location has been changed: temporary disk cache is under /tmp, and the OfflineCache and other more permanent caches, are under $HOME/.cache . The first time you start this new Firefox version, the new caches will be created. So, see the tips about the freedesktop.org standard .cache directory. Once the other programs make the same change, this entry will become obsolete. So for recent Firefox versions, see the entry about the freedesktop.org XDG standards below.**

Firefox and a number of other programs use a lot of space in your home directory. And since home is on a remote disk, it will even be slower than running locally. 
The easiest solution is, to move the entire directory tot the local disk and make a link to it, like this:

  mv ~/.mozilla /data/username/
  ln -s /data/username/.mozilla ~
  or - to make it work even when switching desks -
  ln -s /net/<hostname>/data1/<username>/.mozilla ~
  
Of course, /data/username should be an existing directory on your local disk, so don't copy this example literally. 
The same trick works for some other disk hogs, here is a list:

  * Firefox, Seamonkey (Mozilla), Sunbird: .mozilla (for Firefox >+ 21.0, see XDG standards)
  * Thunderbird: .thunderbird 
  * Evolution: Evolution now follows the XDG standards see below
  * Google Chrome: Cache goes to .cache/google-chrome, see below for XDG standards; there doesn't seem to be a setting in Chrome to change location or size of the disk cache. Or move the cache and make a link
  * Gimp: .gimp-2.8 (directory name will change with the program version). 
Note: for Gimp, you can also go into the preferences and change the locations of the swap directory and temporary files. This is probably easier than moving the directory and remembering to repeat those steps when a new version of the program comes out. 
You can also check, if earlier versions of Gimp left behind their directories, and remove them if they exist.

===== Cache directory ; XDG basedir standards =====
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A lot of programs are using the (relatively new) freedesktop XDG basedir setup, which puts configuration files in .config, cache in .cache and various data files of the application in .local 
However, the data and cache parts can become quite big, causing two problems: quota usage on the home disk, and performance loss (since the home disk is remote, and this can cause lots of read and write access). 
Now the XDG standard provides a mechanism to move those files to another location, and we suggest users move them to one of their local data disks. We also provide a script that takes care of the environment setup, but selecting a location and moving the files is something you have to do yourself. 

A quick solution (shown here just for the cache), is to move the cache to a data disk and link to that location:

  mv ~/.cache /net/yourcomputer/data1/username/cache
  ln -s /net/yourcomputer/data1/username/cache ~/.cache

a more complete setup works like this:

  - close programs that may have files open in the XDG directories. This is especially important for Evolution (mail client).
  - Run 'sfinx-xdg' with the path where you want to store the files. Default is /data/$USER/xdg but if you want to be able to use it from other computers as well, /net/$HOSTNAME/data/$USER/xdg might be a better alternative. Or, on recent desktops where /data2 is a RAID1 disk, so guarded against disk failure, you may want to use /data2 in stead of /data. Or maybe you want it in another location altogether. If you only want to move the cache and not the data location, use sfinx-xdg --cacheonly /net/$HOSTNAME/data/$USER/xdg (or any other location that you prefer)
  - If the specified directory doesn't exist yet, it will be created along with subdirectories for cache and data. Also created is a file .sfinx-xdgrc which contains the path, and this will be used on subsequent logins to set the environment. The RC file will also contain settings that determine whether you want to redirect cache, data or both.
  - Set the environment in your current shell, and move the existing files to their new locations:

     eval `sfinx-xdg`
     mv ~/.cache/* $XDG_CACHE_HOME/
     mv ~/.local/share/*  $XDG_DATA_HOME/
 
  - Log out, and on your next login, all programs should find their data and cache in the new location.
  - Witness the increase in performance, especially in the Google Chrome browser and the Evolution mail client.

One thing to note: evolution stores all local mail folders in its data structure, so now that those are on your local data disk, they are no longer included in system backups. But, we are talking about local folders, not IMAP folders on the mail server (which are in ~/Maildir on the server) so this will probably not affect your mail. But if you make backups, you may want to include $XDG_DATA_HOME just to be sure.

=====KDE - cutting down on overhead =====
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The current KDE version 4.x (&amp; higher) contains a lot of enhancements, but also a tool that drives users over their disk quota fast. And a lot of processes get started in your session, whether you want them or not.

The disk hog is called ''akonadi'', it is started automatically, and even without doing anything with it, it creates a database of 140 MB in ''.local/share/akonadi''. This database is used as backend for the addressbook and a couple of other applications, and the size may grow if you actually use it.

A few other services in KDE may take a lot of memory, cpu time and disk space. Now this is all fine if you are actually using these services, like the addressbook database stored by akonadi, the desktop search features provided by Nepomuk, etc. But if you don't need these services, here is how to get rid of them:
  * Start the System Settings utility (KDE menu - System - System Settings; or execute ''systemsettings'' from the terminal)
  * Go to the "Advanced" tab
  * Open "Akonadi". In the tab "Akonadi server settings", uncheck "use internal mysql server". then press the "stop" button at the bottom of the screen. Then press "apply".
  * Back to the system settings overview and go to the item "Autostart". here you can uncheck services that you don't need. Bluetooth, Kerneloops, Network Manager, PackageKit and SELinux troubleshooter are certainly of no use in our network. Disable others to suit your own taste.
  * Next to the item "Desktop search". Uncheck "Nepomuk semantic services" and press "apply".
  * Next, remove the files already created. Akonadi takes approx 140 MB in ''~/.local/share/akonadi'' and you can just throw it all away if you don't use it. Nepomuk takes up a bit of space in ''~/.kde/share/apps/nepomuk''
  * There is also ''baloo'', which is another desktop file indexer. To disable it, run: ''balooctl disable''

=====GNOME/Cinnamon has some overhead too=====
GNOME and Cinnamon desktops have a program ''zeitgeist-datahub'' running, which logs activity so searches will show up recent files, recently used apps, etc. Luckily, it's database isn't too big but it can cause problems and if you don't need it, getting rid of it might be a good idea.
  * First disable the program in your list of startup applications
  * Remove directory ''.local/share/zeitgeist'' to erase all recorded history
For some reason, ''baloo'' is also active in most cinnamon sessions (see KDE). To disable it, run: 
  balooctl disable

See also [[modify desktop session]]

===== Evolution =====
Evolution is a mail/calendar suite, and can be a very useful tool, if you use it. Unfortunately, a lot of programs are started in each user session, even if you don't need them, or even if you have never used evolution. These programs don'rt show up in the usual sesson program dialogs, but from the commandline it is possible to disable them:

  systemctl --user daemon-reload
  systemctl --user disable --now evolution-source-registry
  systemctl --user disable --now evolution-calendar-factory
  systemctl --user disable --now evolution-addressbook-factory
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